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Grado en Química

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Química Física I

Código asignatura
GQUIMI01-2-003
Curso
Segundo
Temporalidad
Primer Semestre
Carácter
Obligatoria
Créditos
6
Pertenece al itinerario Bilingüe
Yes
Actividades
  • Otras (1 Hours)
  • Clases Expositivas (45 Hours)
  • Prácticas de Aula/Semina (10 Hours)
  • Tutorías Grupales (4 Hours)
Guía docente

Physical Chemistry I is a course in the second year (third semester) of the Bachelor's Degree in Chemistry, which is included in the Fundamental Module (and within it, in the Physical Chemistry Subject) and is mandatory.

Classical thermodynamics (or equilibrium thermodynamics) studies how temperature influences the rest of the variables necessary to make a complete macroscopic description of a system in equilibrium. It is, therefore, a macroscopic approach to the study of matter. Chemical thermodynamics is the application of classical thermodynamics to systems of interest in chemistry. Physical Chemistry I is exclusively dedicated (as stated in the description of the subject in the verified Title Memory) to chemical thermodynamics.

Having completed the following courses is a prerequisite to enroll in Physical Chemistry I: General Chemistry, Basic Operations in the Laboratory and Informatic Tools, General Physics I, General Physics II, and Mathematics (all from the first year). Physical Chemistry I is a requirement for enrolling in Physical Chemistry III (third year, sixth semester).

General competencies:

CG2. Manage chemical information appropriately.

CG3. Analyze chemical information and synthesyze concepts through critical thinking.

CG9. Learn and work autonomously in the context of chemistry.

Specific competencies:

CE6. Identify the characteristics of each state of matter and apply the theories used to describe them.

CE7. Understand the principles of thermodynamics and apply them in a chemical context.

CE16. Solve quantitative and qualitative problems according to previously developed models.

CE17. Evaluate, interpret, and synthesize chemical information.

CE24. Interpret experimental observations and measurements according to their relevance and connect them with the corresponding theory.

1. Thermodynamics and the Properties of Gases. Introduction. Definitions. Ideal gases. Mixtures of gases. Real gases.

2. The First Law of Thermodynamics. Heat, Work, and Energy. Internal Energy and the First Law. Mathematical Background and Thermodynamic Notation. Pressure-Volume (p-V) Work. Constant-Volume Heat Capacity. Enthalpy. Standard Enthalpy Changes. Standard Reaction Enthalpies. Thermodynamic Properties Derived from the Internal Energy and the Enthalpy. Thermodynamic Processes in Gases.

3. The Second Law of Thermodynamics. Heat Engines and the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Carnot's Principle. Entropy. Calculation of Entropy Changes. The Third Law of Thermodynamics and Conventional Entropies. Reaction Entropies.

4. Material Equilibrium. Phase and Reaction Equilibrium. Helmholtz Free Energy. Gibbs Free Energy. Standard Free Energies. The Gibbs Equations and the Maxwell Relations. Properties of the Gibbs Free Energy. Chemical Potential. Material equilibrium. Ideal Gas Mixtures.

5. Phase Diagrams. Phase Diagram of a Pure Substance. The Phase Rule. Binary Phase Diagrams. Ternary Phase Diagrams.

6. Solutions. Introduction. Partial Molar Quantities. Mixing Properties. Ideal Solutions. Ideal-Dilute Solutions. Nonideal Solutions. Electrolyte Solutions. Chemical Reactions. Colligative Properties.

7. Electrochemistry. Electrochemical Systems. The Electrochemical Potential. Electrochemical Cells. The Nernst Equation. Standard Electrode Potentials. Equilibrium Constants and Reaction Properties from Cell Potentials.

Lectures (CE): 42 hours. Students will receive, well in advance of each CE, a document containing the subject matter of the class. During the CE, these documents will be presented, analyzed, and discussed.

Practical sessions (PA): 10 hours. Students will also receive, well in advance of each PA, a document containing the statements of the questions, exercises, and problems that will be covered in the class. During the PA, a subset of these questions, exercises, and problems will be solved.

Group Tutorials (TG): 4 hours. TG sessions are support sessions held in smaller groups to address any doubts that have not been addressed during CE and PA. Optionally, they may also be part of the course's evaluation system (see the section titled Evaluation of the student's learning results).

This course will utilize computational resources such as Python interactive notebooks to pose, solve, and interpret exercises and problems.

In the ordinary call, the grade is based on the results obtained in a final exam and the four TG sessions. Students will receive, well in advance of each TG session, a document containing the statements of the exercises and problems that will be evaluated. During each TG session, and randomly, some students will be invited to present, on the board, the solution (complete or partial) to some of the exercises/problems posed, obtaining a grade (g_TG) based on the quality of their results and the clarity of their presentation. The final grade for the course is obtained by applying the following formula: g_course = 0.8 * g_exam + sum_{i =1, 4}[0.05 * max(g_TG^i, g_exam)], where g_exam is the exam grade. To pass the course, it is necessary for g_course to be equal to or greater than 5 points out of 10.

In the extraordinary calls, the grade is based solely on the result obtained in a final exam. To pass the course, the exam grade must be equal to or greater than 5 points out of 10.

The fundamental texts for the development of the course are two: "Physical Chemistry" by Atkins, de Paula, and Keeler, and "Physical Chemistry" by Levine. The textbook by Engel and Reid, titled identically to the previous ones, is a good complement. Occasionally, other texts or articles from scientific journals may be used. As indicated in the section titled Methodology and working plan, the professors will make available to the students, through the Virtual Campus, specific documentation for CE, PA, and TG sessions.